Laguna

The Cradle of Philippine Heritage and Nature!

Hulugan Falls, San Salvador in Luisiana, Laguna, Philippines. Photo by ElliotAndal, CC, via Wikimedia Commons

Laguna, a province in Calabarzon, Philippines, is rich in history, culture, and natural beauty. Located south of Metro Manila, it is known for its hot spring resorts, waterfalls, historical landmarks, and artisan industries.

Home to Laguna de Bay, the country’s largest lake, and Mount Makiling, a dormant volcano, the province offers scenic landscapes and outdoor adventures. It boasts attractions like Pagsanjan Falls, the Seven Lakes of San Pablo, and eco-parks, making it ideal for nature lovers.

Beyond its natural wonders, Laguna has deep historical and cultural significance. It is the birthplace of Dr. José Rizal, the Philippine national hero, and home to centuries-old churches, colonial-era houses, and artisan towns like Paete and Lumban, known for woodcarving and embroidery.

Food enthusiasts can enjoy Buko Pie, Espasol, and Kesong Puti, among other local delicacies. Whether seeking relaxation, adventure, or cultural immersion, Laguna offers a diverse travel experience.

This blog will explore Laguna’s history, attractions, hidden gems, local cuisine, accommodations, travel tips, and the best times to visit, helping you plan an unforgettable trip.

Location and Geography

Where is Laguna?

Laguna is in Region IV-A, south of Metro Manila, making it one of the most accessible provinces from the capital. It is bordered by Rizal (north), Quezon (east), Batangas (south), and Cavite (west). Due to its strategic location, Laguna serves as a gateway to Southern Luzon, offering a mix of urban conveniences and natural attractions.

Size and Terrain

Covering 1,917 square kilometers, Laguna is among the largest provinces in Luzon. It is dominated by Laguna de Bay, the largest freshwater lake in the Philippines, which supports local fishing and agriculture. The province is also home to Mount Makiling, known for its hot springs and rich biodiversity, along with rolling hills, forest reserves, and river valleys that contribute to its ecological diversity.

Climate and Best Seasons to Visit

• Dry Season (December to May): Best for hiking, sightseeing, and outdoor activities, with warm temperatures and minimal rainfall.

• Rainy Season (June to November): Ideal for waterfall exploration, as heavy rains enhance the beauty of Pagsanjan Falls and Hulugan Falls, though occasional typhoons may occur.

  
  

Why Laguna’s Geography is Unique

Laguna’s landscape is shaped by volcanic activity, geothermal energy, and abundant freshwater sources. It is renowned for hot spring resorts in Los Baños and Calamba, thanks to Mount Makiling’s geothermal activity. Its proximity to Metro Manila makes it a popular weekend getaway, offering a mix of nature, adventure, and relaxation.

A Brief History of Laguna

Pre-Colonial and Indigenous Communities

Before Spanish colonization, Laguna was inhabited by Austronesian-speaking groups, including Tagalog and Aeta communities. These early settlers thrived on fishing, farming, and trade, using Laguna de Bay as a major waterway for commerce with neighboring regions.

They were skilled in boat-making, weaving, and pottery, industries that sustained their way of life. The lakes, rivers, and fertile lands provided abundant resources, allowing communities to flourish.

Spanish Colonization (1571–1898)

Laguna became an official province in 1571, quickly developing into a center for Catholicism, agriculture, and trade. The Spanish established missions and settlements, making towns like Pagsanjan, Lumban, and Bay key colonial hubs.

The province’s most significant historical contribution is being the birthplace of Dr. José Rizal, who was born in Calamba in 1861. Rizal’s works and advocacy for Philippine independence had a lasting impact on the nation’s history.

In 1605, Pueblo de Los Baños was founded, known for its healing hot springs from Mount Makiling. It later became a center for scientific research and agriculture, leading to the establishment of UP Los Baños, a top educational institution.

American & Japanese Occupation (1898–1945)

After the Spanish-American War (1898), the Philippines came under American rule, bringing improvements in education, infrastructure, and governance. Schools, roads, and public health systems were introduced, modernizing the province.

During World War II (1941-1945), Laguna was occupied by Japanese forces, leading to severe destruction and resistance movements. Filipino guerrillas played a crucial role in fighting back, and the province was liberated in 1945 by Filipino and American forces.

Post-War to Modern-Day Laguna

Following the war, Laguna experienced rapid development in industries, tourism, and education. The province became widely known for its hot spring resorts in Calamba and Los Baños, drawing both local and international visitors.

With the rise of eco-tourism, heritage conservation, and industrialization, Laguna remains a leading province in commerce, research, and innovation. The establishment of Laguna Technopark and other industrial zones has further strengthened its economic growth, making it a hub for business, agriculture, and technology while preserving its cultural heritage.

Paete Church, Laguna, photo by Ralff Nestor Nacor, CC, via Wikimedia Commons

Top Attractions in Laguna

A province where history, nature, and adventure come together, offering something for every traveler. From heritage sites and artisan towns to breathtaking waterfalls and thrilling theme parks, it has a diverse range of attractions waiting to be explored.

Historical & Cultural Landmarks

Rizal Shrine (Calamba)

• Located in Calamba City, this reconstructed ancestral home of Dr. José Rizal serves as a national museum, showcasing his childhood, personal artifacts, and literary works. A visit here provides valuable insights into the life and legacy of the Philippine national hero.

Nagcarlan Underground Cemetery

• Built in 1845, this Spanish-era cemetery in Nagcarlan is the only one in the Philippines with an underground crypt, once used as a secret meeting place for revolutionaries. Its baroque architecture and historical significance make it a unique heritage site.

Paete and Lumban Artisans

• Paete is famous for its intricate woodcarving industry, producing religious statues, furniture, and art pieces, while Lumban is recognized as the Embroidery Capital of the Philippines, specializing in handwoven Barong Tagalog and embroidered textiles. These towns showcase Laguna’s rich artistic heritage.

San Pablo Cathedral

• One of Laguna’s oldest churches, San Pablo Cathedral features Spanish colonial architecture and serves as an important religious landmark in the city of seven lakes.

Natural Wonders & Outdoor Activities

Pagsanjan Falls

• One of the most famous waterfalls in the Philippines, Pagsanjan Falls is best reached via a "Shooting the Rapids" boat ride through the Bumbungan River, an exhilarating experience that passes through towering rock formations. Adventurous travelers can also trek from Cavinti for an alternative route.

Seven Lakes of San Pablo

• San Pablo City is home to seven crater lakes, offering picturesque views, bamboo rafting, and fishing opportunities. The twin lakes of Pandin and Yambo are the most popular among visitors for their serene and scenic landscapes.

Mount Makiling

• A dormant volcano shrouded in mystery, Mount Makiling is an ideal spot for hiking and nature treks. It is known for its diverse flora and fauna, natural hot springs, and geothermal activity that fuels the resorts in Los Baños and Calamba.

Hulugan Falls (Luisiana)

• A hidden gem surrounded by lush rainforest; Hulugan Falls is one of the largest waterfalls in Laguna. The trek to the falls is a rewarding experience, passing through rivers, rock formations, and smaller cascades.

  
  

Adventure & Ecotourism

Enchanted Kingdom (Santa Rosa)

• The largest and most popular amusement park in the Philippines, Enchanted Kingdom offers a variety of thrilling rides, live entertainment, and themed attractions. Highlights include the Space Shuttle roller coaster, Rio Grande Rapids, and Agila: The EKsperience, a flight simulation ride showcasing the beauty of the Philippines. It’s a must-visit for families and thrill-seekers.

Nuvali (Sta. Rosa)

• A sustainable eco-community, Nuvali offers bike trails, a wakeboarding park, a man-made lake, and outdoor dining options. Visitors can enjoy boating, fish-feeding, and nature walks, making it a great destination for families and eco-conscious travelers.

Bato Springs Resort (San Pablo)

• A refreshing nature resort with natural spring pools, waterfalls, and lush greenery, Bato Springs is perfect for those looking to relax in a serene, tropical setting.

Hidden Valley Springs (Alaminos)

• A private nature retreat, Hidden Valley Springs features thermal pools, waterfalls, and a dense rainforest, providing a peaceful escape for visitors seeking relaxation and rejuvenation.

Whether you’re exploring heritage towns, hiking mountains, relaxing in hot springs, or experiencing the thrill of Enchanted Kingdom, this province has something for every traveler.

Hidden Gems of Laguna

Beyond its famous waterfalls, hot springs, and historical sites, Laguna is home to hidden gems that offer a more tranquil and unique experience.

Japanese Garden (Cavinti)

• Nestled near Lake Caliraya, the Japanese Garden is a peaceful memorial park built in honor of Japanese soldiers who fought in World War II. Surrounded by lush greenery, koi ponds, and stone pathways, it offers a serene environment for relaxation and meditation. The garden also provides scenic views of the lake and rolling hills, making it a great spot for photography.

Kilometer Zero Marker (Pagsanjan)

• This historical landmark in Pagsanjan serves as the official reference point for measuring distances in Laguna. While often overlooked, it holds historical significance as a reminder of the province’s colonial-era transportation system. Nearby, visitors can explore Pagsanjan’s heritage town center, featuring old houses and Spanish-era structures.

  
  

Bukal Falls (Majayjay)

• Tucked within dense forests, Bukal Falls is a stunning blue-water waterfall that remains relatively untouched. It’s cool, crystal-clear waters make it an ideal spot for swimming and nature treks. The hike to the falls is an adventure itself, passing through lush greenery, bamboo forests, and mountain trails.

Pandin and Yambo Lakes (San Pablo)

• Known as the twin crater lakes, Pandin and Yambo are among the most scenic hidden spots in Laguna. Visitors can experience bamboo rafting across Pandin Lake, enjoying a peaceful ride while indulging in freshly cooked local meals prepared by the lake’s residents. The area is perfect for picnics, swimming, and nature walks.

Tatlong Krus (Paete)

• A hilltop pilgrimage site in Paete, Tatlong Krus features three large white crosses overlooking the town and Laguna de Bay. The site is accessible via a short hike and offers breathtaking panoramic views of the surrounding mountains and lake. It is especially popular during Holy Week, when devotees trek to the summit for prayers and reflection.

These hidden gems of Laguna offer unique experiences away from the crowds, showcasing the province’s rich history, natural beauty, and cultural heritage.

Enchanted Kingdom, Santa Rosa Photo by h4cknEy3d/Flickr

Food & Dining Options

Laguna is not only known for its natural wonders and cultural heritage but also for its diverse culinary scene. The province offers a mix of traditional Filipino delicacies, regional specialties, and unique local flavors that highlight its agricultural richness and artisanal food craftsmanship.

Must-Try Laguna Dishes

Buko Pie (Los Baños & Calamba)

• Perhaps the most iconic delicacy of Laguna, Buko Pie is a flaky, buttery pastry filled with young coconut meat and sweet custard. It is widely available in Los Baños and Calamba, where numerous shops compete for the title of the best buko pie.

Espasol

• A traditional sticky rice cake coated in toasted rice flour, Espasol has a soft, chewy texture and a mildly sweet, nutty flavor. This delicacy is a favorite pasalubong (souvenir treat) and is often paired with coffee or hot chocolate.

Kesong Puti (Santa Cruz)

• A soft, white cheese made from carabao’s milk, Kesong Puti has a mild, creamy taste with a slightly salty flavor. It is traditionally wrapped in banana leaves and best enjoyed with pandesal or suman (rice cake).

Pansit Luglug

• Laguna’s version of this Filipino noodle dish features thick rice noodles drenched in a rich shrimp-based sauce, topped with chicharon (pork cracklings), hard-boiled eggs, and green onions. It is a must-try for lovers of hearty, flavorful meals.

Bibingka de Macapuno (Pagsanjan)

• A variation of the classic Filipino bibingka (rice cake), this version is made with sweet macapuno (young coconut strips), giving it a soft, chewy texture. It is often served warm with a generous sprinkle of sugar and butter.

Best Restaurants & Local Eateries

Orient – The Original Buko Pie (Los Baños)

• Widely regarded as the best place to try authentic Laguna-style buko pie, this establishment has been serving its signature pie for decades, attracting both locals and tourists.

Arabela (Liliw)

• A charming café in the town of Liliw, Arabela is known for its delicious Italian-inspired dishes such as pastas and pizzas, alongside local delicacies like kesong puti sandwiches and traditional rice cakes.

Exotik Restaurant (Kalayaan)

• For adventurous food lovers, Exotik Restaurant offers a unique dining experience, serving exotic Filipino dishes such as grilled frogs, snakes, and wild boar, along with classic Filipino favorites.

Laguna’s rich culinary heritage reflects its agricultural abundance and artisanal food traditions. Whether you’re indulging in a slice of freshly baked buko pie, savoring a warm plate of pansit luglug, or enjoying the creamy goodness of kesong puti, the province offers a flavorful journey that complements its vibrant culture and scenic landscapes.

Accommodation Options

Laguna offers a wide range of accommodations, from luxury resorts with scenic views to budget-friendly homestays in heritage towns.

Luxury Resorts

Seda Nuvali (Sta. Rosa)

• A high-end eco-resort set within the Nuvali estate, Seda Nuvali offers modern, stylish accommodations with lake views, a swimming pool, and direct access to outdoor activities like biking and wakeboarding. It’s perfect for business travelers, families, and those looking for an upscale stay near Manila.

Sol Y Viento (Pansol, Calamba)

• Located at the foot of Mount Makiling, Sol Y Viento is a popular hot spring resort featuring private villas, therapeutic pools, and panoramic mountain views. It’s ideal for visitors looking to unwind and experience Laguna’s famous natural hot springs.

Mid-Range Hotels

Riverview Resort & Conference Center (Calamba)

• This family-friendly resort offers comfortable rooms, swimming pools, and a relaxing riverside atmosphere. It’s a great option for leisure travelers and corporate guests attending seminars or team-building events.

Auravel Grande Hotel (San Pablo)

• A business-class hotel with modern amenities, Auravel Grande is a preferred stay for travelers exploring San Pablo City and its seven lakes. It features spacious rooms, a restaurant, and easy access to major attractions.

Budget-Friendly Lodging

Transient Houses in Pansol

• Pansol is known for its affordable private hot spring resorts, where groups can rent transient houses with exclusive access to thermal pools. These are perfect for weekend getaways with friends and family.

Homestays in Paete and Liliw

• For a more cultural experience, homestays in Paete (known for woodcarving) and Liliw (famous for handcrafted footwear) offer a chance to immerse in local traditions while staying in cozy, family-run accommodations.

From luxurious eco-resorts and hot spring retreats to budget-friendly homestays, Laguna provides a variety of accommodations suited to different travel styles.

Nagcarlan Underground Cemetery, photo by Obra19, CC, via Wikimedia Commons

Getting to and Around Laguna

One of the most accessible provinces from Metro Manila, with multiple transportation options available for visitors. Whether traveling by bus, private car, or public transport, getting to and around Laguna is convenient for both day trips and extended stays.

Getting to Laguna

By Bus

• Several bus companies operate daily trips from Manila to Laguna’s major cities and towns, including:

  • JAC Liner – Serves routes to Calamba, Sta. Rosa, and San Pablo.

  • HM Transport – Offers trips to Calamba and nearby areas.

  • Green Star Express – Provides routes to San Pablo and Sta. Cruz.

  • Buses can be taken from major terminals in Cubao, Buendia, and Alabang, with travel times ranging from 1.5 to 3 hours, depending on the destination and traffic conditions.

    
    

By Private Car

• For those driving, the South Luzon Expressway (SLEX) offers a fast and direct route to Laguna. Key exits include:

  • Sta. Rosa Exit – Ideal for Nuvali, Enchanted Kingdom, and Calamba.

  • Calamba Exit – Best for hot spring resorts and Mount Makiling.

  • Turbon/Los Baños Exit – For access to Los Baños, UP Los Baños, and nearby attractions.

  • San Pablo Exit – Gateway to the Seven Lakes and nearby waterfalls.

    
    

Getting Around Laguna

Jeepneys and Tricycles

• Jeepneys serve as the main mode of public transport for longer distances within towns and between cities.

• Tricycles are ideal for short trips and accessing areas not covered by jeepneys, such as hidden waterfalls and heritage sites.

  
  

Boat Tours

• For destinations like Pagsanjan Falls, Pandin and Yambo Lakes, and the Seven Lakes of San Pablo, boat tours are the best way to explore Laguna’s natural attractions.

With its proximity to Manila and well-connected road networks, Laguna is an easy-to-reach destination.

Best Time to Visit Laguna

A year-round destination, but the best time to visit depends on weather conditions and local events. The province experiences two main seasons: the dry season (December to May) and the rainy season (June to November).

December – May (Dry Season)

• The ideal time for outdoor activities, sightseeing, and adventure travel is during the dry season, when rainfall is minimal, and the weather is warm. This is the best time for:

  • Hiking in Mount Makiling and other nature trails.

  • Visiting waterfalls like Pagsanjan and Hulugan Falls, as river levels remain safe.

  • Exploring historical landmarks and cultural sites without weather disruptions.

  • Enjoying Laguna’s famous hot spring resorts in Los Baños and Calamba.

    
    

May – June (Festival Season)

• If you want to experience Laguna’s vibrant cultural celebrations, May and June are the best months to visit:

  • Pagsanjan Bangkero Festival (May) – A celebration honoring the boatmen of Pagsanjan Falls, featuring boat races, street dancing, and cultural performances.

  • Paete’s Turumba Festival (April to May) – A religious event in Paete, where locals participate in processions, music, and traditional celebrations in honor of the Nuestra Señora de los Dolores de Turumba.

View of Mt. Banahaw from Sampalok Lake, San Pablo City, Laguna photo by Ralff Nestor Nacor, CCvia Wikimedia Commons

Essential Travel Tips

To ensure a smooth and enjoyable trip, here are some essential travel tips when visiting Laguna.

Carry Cash for Small Towns and Local Markets

• While major cities like Calamba, Sta. Rosa, and San Pablo have ATMs and establishments that accept credit or debit cards, smaller towns and local markets often operate on a cash-only basis.

• It’s best to withdraw cash in urban centers before heading to remote areas.

  
  

Respect Local Traditions, Especially in Religious Sites

• Many of Laguna’s attractions include churches, shrines, and religious festivals. When visiting places like Our Lady of Turumba Shrine in Paete or the Nagcarlan Underground Cemetery, dress modestly and observe proper decorum.

• Avoid loud conversations and follow any restrictions on photography or video recording inside religious sites.

  
  

Pack Light, Breathable Clothing for Outdoor Activities

• Laguna’s tropical climate can be hot and humid, especially in the dry season.

• If you plan on hiking Mount Makiling, exploring waterfalls, or visiting lakes, wear light, breathable clothing, and bring comfortable footwear for trekking.

  
  

Support Local Artisans by Purchasing Handmade Crafts

• Laguna is known for its woodcarving in Paete, embroidered textiles in Lumban, and handcrafted footwear in Liliw.

• Instead of mass-produced souvenirs, buy handmade products to support local artisans and preserve Laguna’s cultural heritage.

  
  

With a little preparation and cultural awareness, you can make the most of your trip to Laguna.

Takeaway

Laguna is a diverse and captivating destination that offers a perfect balance of heritage, adventure, and relaxation. With its historical landmarks, breathtaking natural wonders, and vibrant culinary scene, the province has something for every type of traveler.

History enthusiasts can walk through the past at the Rizal Shrine in Calamba, the Nagcarlan Underground Cemetery, and the artisan towns of Paete and Lumban. Nature lovers can explore the legendary Mount Makiling, the Seven Lakes of San Pablo, and the cascading waterfalls of Pagsanjan and Hulugan. For thrill-seekers and families, Enchanted Kingdom in Sta. Rosa provides an exciting escape.

Laguna is also a food lover’s paradise, offering famous delicacies like Buko Pie, Espasol, and Kesong Puti. Visitors can also immerse themselves in the local crafts industry, supporting artisans who continue the province’s rich traditions.

Whether you're seeking adventure in the outdoors, a taste of local flavors, or a deeper connection to Philippine history, Laguna is a must-visit destination in Southern Luzon. Plan your trip and experience the best that Laguna has to offer—from natural beauty and cultural heritage to relaxation and fun-filled activities.